Imre Kertész (Hungarian: [ˈimrɛ ˈkɛrteːs]; 9 November 1929 – 31 March 2016) was a Hungarian author and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature, "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history".[3] He was the first Hungarian to win the Nobel in Literature. His works deal with themes of Nazi Holocaust (he was a survivor of a German concentration camp), dictatorship and personal freedom.[1] He died on 31 March 2016, aged 86, at his home in Budapest after suffering from Parkinson's disease for several years.[4][5]
LOS ANGELES, Calif. — White people cling to the coast around Santa Monica and Brentwood, and the north side of the city beginning with the Hollywood Hills.
L.A.'s black-white dissimilarity score is 65.0, according to a study of 2010 Census data by professors John Logan and Brian Stults of Brown and Florida State University. A score above 60 on the dissimilarity index is considered very high segregation.
The red dots show white people, blue is black, orange is Hispanic, green is Asian, and yellow is other, according to maps of 2010 Census data by Eric Fischer.
"The House We Live In" asks, If race is not biology, what is it? This episode uncovers how race resides not in nature but in politics, economics and culture. It reveals how our social institutions "make" race by disproportionately channeling resources, power, status and wealth to white people. These scenes are excerpted from California Newsreel’s acclaimed three-part documentary series, Race-The Power of an Illusion. To learn more and watch the entire series.
About a year ago, we wrote a tip on the proper way to punctuate sentences containing quotation marks. (To review that tip, look in the tip archive for 01/08/01.) Recently, a visitor to the tip archive wrote to ask about situations not covered in the tip.
She noted that all our examples were of dialogue within a sentence. "
Do the same rules apply in other situations involving quotation marks?" she asked.
The answer is yes: in all cases of usage involving quotation marks (American usage, not European), commas and periods always go inside the quotation marks while semicolons and colons always go outside.
(Please see the original tip for the rules governing question marks and exclamation points.)
Specifically, the visitor wondered about a series of titles, as in this example:
-- This month's issue of Grammar Guru magazine contains articles entitled "Making Every Comma Count," "Punctuate or Perish," and "The Write Way."
Notice that the commas separating the titles are inside the quotation marks.
We should also place periods and commas inside the quotation marks that we use in other situations, such as to suggest that a word is being used in a special or ironic sense, to show that we are referring to a word as a word, or to mark the definition of a word or words.
Here are some examples:
-- A three-hundred-pound gorilla eats quite a few "snacks," so the zoo keeper must closely monitor the animal's daily intake.
-- A lottery ticket holder who breaks even is counted as a "winner"; thus, statistics about one's odds of winning are misleading.
-- Sam sprinkles his conversations with the word "amen," although he really pays very little attention to what other people are saying.
-- The Latin verb "duco" means "to lead," "to consider," or "to prolong."
Note that in the fourth sentence, we could have used italics instead of quotation marks for the verb "duco," which is a word being used as a word.
Also note that italics or underlining--not quotation marks--should be used to emphasize a word or phrase.
TEST YOURSELF
Are these sentences punctuated correctly?
1. Margaret read a magazine article titled "Living in the Country;" four days later she sold her house in the suburbs and moved to a farm.
2. The instructor read the class three poems by Robert Frost: "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," "Design," and "Directive."
3. Sarina's father is the most eccentric man I know, but Sarina excuses his behavior as "artistic license".
NASB- New American Standard Bible AMP- Amplified Bible ESV- English Standard Version RSV- Revised Standard Version KJV- King James Version NKJV- New King James Version
2. Thought - For - Thought
HCSB- Holman Christian Standard Bible NRSV- New Revised Standard Version NAB- New American Bible NJB- New Jerusalem Bible NIV- New International Version TNIV- Today’s New International Version NCV- New Century Version NLT- New Living Translation
3. Paraphrase
NIrV - New International Reader’s Version GNT- Good News Translation (also Good News Bible) CEV- Contemporary English Version TLB- The Living Bible MSG- The Message
The examples of Bible translations is not meant to be all inclusive, but rather a listing of some of the more popular.
The Bible is, without question, the most translated text in the history of the world. Sections of the book have been translated into over 2,800 languages, and it has been read by more people than any other individual piece of writing. But who was the first to translate the Bible out of its original language? His name was Jerome, and he was canonized for it.
After giving up the monastic life, he decided to travel to Antioch, where he continued his studies of Greek and Hebrew. Jerome was even a secretary to Pope Damasus I from 382 to 384, whereupon he acted as the spiritual director of a number of noble Roman ladies who had also indicated that they were interested in the monastic lifestyle.
It was during this time, when he was secretary to the Pope, that he started on the task of translating the Bible into Latin. It was the popular form of the language at the time, which is what gave the translation its name: The Vulgate, meaning “Of the Common People.”
There had been a translation prior to Jerome’s, a version that is now called the Old Latin Version. But Jerome’s version far surpassed it, not only in terms of literary quality, but also in terms of scholarship. He was well versed in classical Latin, but he specifically wrote in the style that was actually spoken and written by the people of his time.
As thought on translation has developed over the centuries, there have always been prevailing ideas of the correct level of translation and correct method of translation and first of all we will cover the level of translation.
The passage from word to culture
From the idea of translating ‘sense-for-sense’ over ‘word-for-word’ put forward by Jerome (the patron saint of translators) which replaces the individual word as the unit of translation with the phrase, dualistic oppositions have often featured prominently in translation theory.
The bipolar ‘free vs. literal’ translation for example, which questions whether a translated text should remain close to the source text or be rendered in flowing prose, is widely known and Eugene Nida’s idea of formal equivalence vs. dynamic equivalence (which roughly equates to retention of original form (FE) against naturalness of expression (DE)) follows along similar lines.
Today, the most widely cited theoretical idea is Lawrence Venuti’s thought based on deviation from domestic norms. This sees him develop a methodology in which he attempts to overturn the standard translation practice of ‘domestication’ – making a text fit in with the dominant norms of the target culture – with a method labelled as ‘foreignisation’ which involves avoiding standard usage and allowing the ‘foreignness of the text to shine through’.
In this way translation theory has moved from the level of the sentence to the level of textor indeed culture as a whole, emphasising context, and this ‘cultural turn’ is the area of preoccupation for many contemporary scholars.
Origins of the discipline and different theoretical stances
The discipline name ‘translation studies’ was first coined by poet and translator James Holmes, who was one of the first scholars to really explore the science of translation. His precocious and comprehensive map of the discipline is still quite widely used in translation literature today due to its wide scope and its accuracy in addressing both practical and theoretical issues. Indeed, his ‘Applied translation’-‘Translation Aids’ designation still provides one of the only links between translation theory and modern translation technology.
Moving on from this general map of the discipline as a whole, scholars have tended to focus their attention on specific areas of translation, each pertaining to certain established schools of thought. There are those who focus on linguistic ideas, seeing the way that language works as the key to understanding the process of translation. Meanwhile, there are others who follow Gideon Toury’s descriptive translation studies with its ideas of polysystems (which is praised for taking social contexts into account) and translation norms, claiming that the methodological study of translations over a period of time and within particular contexts will show patterns that can lead to a better understanding of the translation process.
